Selected publications and research outputs.

From Admissibility to Contestability: Structural Opacity, Encrypted-Platform Evidence, and the Limits of Adversarial Review

Material from encrypted communication platforms now appears in serious criminal cases, while its origin and processing often stay opaque to the defence. The article argues that admissibility alone is too weak a safeguard and that proceedings should secure the practical ability to contest such evidence. It asks what adversarial review requires when the underlying methods are structurally difficult to examine.

Rethinking Human Rights Protection in the Age of AI: From Ex-Post Remedies to Rights-by-Design

Artificial intelligence increasingly mediates decisions that affect rights in areas from social welfare to the judiciary, yet legal protection still tends to react only after harm occurs. The article argues that safeguards should move toward prevention, building rights protection into the design of systems so that problems are caught before they cause harm. It draws on EU instruments, including the AI Act, and cautions that such measures need measurable outcomes and genuine accountability.

Robots as victims? Examining criminal law's boundaries in the digital age

The article asks whether criminal law should treat robots and AI systems as victims of crime or keep its human-centred approach. Reading Australian law alongside developments in the EU, the United States and Japan, it argues that robots should remain classified as property and should not gain legal personhood. It concludes that criminal law can address harms involving robots without extending victim status to autonomous systems.

Referenced in Dmitry V. Zhmurov, Nekriminologiya (2026), in the chapter on robots, artificial intelligence and robot victimology.

A Critical Review of the Institute of Multiple Recidivism in the Modern Criminal Law of the Republic of Serbia: The Controversy of the Current Legal Solution and Possible Solutions

The article examines the reintroduced rule on multiple recidivism in Serbian criminal law, which raises sentences for repeat intentional offenders. It argues that the current threshold leaves courts little room to weigh the circumstances of individual cases and questions whether the rule is justified for most offenders. It suggests that alternative measures may often be more appropriate and notes that the provision is likely to be revised.

Hybrid Intention in Criminal Law: Rethinking Culpability in Posthuman Contexts

This article develops the concept of hybrid intention as a framework for attributing criminal responsibility in human-AI systems. It argues that culpability can be assessed where human initiation, technological mediation and a remaining control window are present, and formulates a three-part attribution test for posthuman contexts of criminal law.

Intention, But Hybrid: A New Test for Posthuman Agents

When human conduct is carried out through AI systems, the idea of a single intending actor becomes difficult to apply. The paper proposes a court-usable test for attributing criminal responsibility in human-AI systems, centred on who initiates an action, how technology mediates it and whether a meaningful window of human control remains. The aim is to keep responsibility assessable without abandoning the requirement of culpability.